The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has introduced HQC, a backup encryption algorithm designed to protect sensitive data from potential threats posed by future quantum computers.

As part of its ongoing efforts to strengthen cybersecurity, the agency selected HQC to complement the existing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standard, ML-KEM, in case quantum advancements compromise current encryption methods.

HQC relies on error-correcting codes, a mathematical approach used in data protection for decades, including in NASA missions.

The algorithm is larger than ML-KEM and requires more computing power, but experts determined it to be a secure and reliable alternative. A draft standard for HQC is expected within a year, with final approval anticipated by 2027.

NIST has been working to prepare for the so-called 'Q day,' when quantum computers could break conventional encryption. Three PQC algorithms were finalized in 2024, including ML-KEM and two digital signature standards.

In addition to announcing HQC, NIST is preparing to release a draft standard for the FALCON algorithm, further strengthening protections against future cyber threats.