The EU's proposed draft Cyber Solidarity Act aims to enhance EU cross-border coordination for cyberattack prevention and response. Such legislation was suggested in response to an increased threat of significant cyberattacks following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

The Commission's proposal suggests a public-private collaboration to respond to cyberattacks. However, some aspects, particularly intelligence sharing, have attracted debate and opposition from the EU member states.

The act proposes a European Cyber Shield, consisting of national and cross-border Security Operations Centers (SOCs), which will monitor and identify cyber threats using AI technology and alert authorities. The proposal aims to work alongside, rather than replace; the EU member states' current cybersecurity operation centres.

The act will also establish a Cyber Emergency Mechanism to improve incident response capabilities and preparedness in the EU. This mechanism will include preparedness actions, such as testing entities in critical sectors for vulnerabilities, creating a new EU Cybersecurity Reserve of pre-contracted incident response services ready to intervene in case of a severe cybersecurity incident, and providing financial support for mutual assistance between the EU member states.

The proposed act will also establish a Cybersecurity Incident Review Mechanism to assess significant incidents and issue recommendations for improving the Union's cyber posture.

The total budget for all actions under the EU Cyber Solidarity Act is EUR 1.1 billion.

The Commission has also presented a proposal for a Cybersecurity Skills Academy under its new cybersecurity package.