If you ever have to do any remote administration, at some point you're going to have to log into a Linux server and get to work. To do that, you're going to need to use SSH (aka Secure Shell). For those that have never been exposed to such a tool, you're in for a treat because it not only makes logging into remote systems easy, but it's also very secure.

How to use SSH to connect to a remote server  

What you'll need: I want to walk you through the first steps of using SSH. I'll be demonstrating on Pop!_OS Linux but this information will work on any distribution of Linux that supports SSH (which is most of them). The only things you'll need to follow along with this tutorial are two running instances of Linux. That's it. Let's get busy with SSH. 

ssh 192.168.1.11

You will be prompted for your username on the remote machine. Once you've successfully authenticated with the password, you'll be logged into the remote machine, where you can start working.

ssh www.example.com

ssh [email protected]

You will be prompted for olivia's password (not the local user's).

ssh [email protected] -p 2022

SSH Site configuration

Remembering all of those IP addresses and usernames can be a real headache for some. Fortunately, SSH makes it possible for you to create a configuration file that houses all of this information. Say, for example, you have the following list of servers you log into:

• webserver - 192.168.1.11
• email server - 192.168.1.12
• database server - 192.168.1.13

Let's configure SSH such that you would only have to log in with the commands:

• ssh web1
• ssh email1
• ssh db1

nano /home/USER/.ssh/config

Where USER is your Linux username.

Host web1   Hostname 192.168.1.11   User oliviaHost email1   Hostname 192.168.1.12   User nathanHost db1   Hostname 192.168.1.13

Save and close the file. You should now be able to log into those different servers with the shorter commands (i.e. ssh web1, ssh email1, and ssh db1). It's important to remember, however, that for web1 you'll be prompted for olivia's password, email1 will ask for nathan's password, and db1 will ask for the same user as the local one.

Running commands on a remote machine with SSH

This is a handy little trick. Let's say you don't necessarily want to log into a remote machine but you do need to run a command. For example, you want to list out the contents of the remote user's home directory. For that, you could issue the command:

ssh [email protected] ls /home/olivia

Since we've set up our config file, we can truncate that command to:

ssh web1 ls /home/olivia

We can cut off a bit more from that command because Linux has a shortcut for a user's home directory (because /home/olivia and ~/ are the same things). For that, our command becomes:

ssh web1 ls ~/

And that, my dear friends, is the basics of using SSH to log into a remote Linux machine. If you ever have to do any remote administration of a Linux machine, this is what you'll need to know. Next time around, I'll introduce you to SSH Key Authentication, for even more secure remote logins.

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